Microchip MCP73830 Handleiding

Microchip Niet gecategoriseerd MCP73830

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2022
Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries
DS90003289B-page 1
TB3289
INTRODUCTION
This document describes a Total System Solution
(TSS) for a single-cell Li-Ion/Li-Polymer battery
charger, consisting of a MCP16311/2 synchronous
buck switching regulator, a MCP73830 1A dedicated
battery charger and an external voltage drop
compensation circuit.
The proposed application circuit offers an effective
solution for the fast charging process of Li-Ion/Li-
Polymer batteries from a wide input voltage range of 5V
to 30V.
LI-ION BATTERIES
When choosing the battery for a specific application,
there are several technical aspects that should be
considered:
• Rechargeable Battery vs. Primary
• Rated Capacity vs. Useful Capacity
• Internal Resistance and Pulse Capability
• Temperature Effects and Storage
• Safety and Transportation
The drawbacks of using a poor solution are:
• Reduced Runtime and Low Efficiency
• Uncertain Reliability and Leakage
Li-Ion batteries have gained popularity and are highly
utilized due to their advantages compared to other
chemistries, as follows:
• High-Energy Density
• Low Self-Discharge Current
• Low Maintenance Required
• High-Power Density
• High-Discharge Current Rate
• High-Charging Current Rate
On the other hand, as previously mentioned, there are
also a few downsides related to:
• Aging
• Need for Protection Circuitry to Maintain Voltage
and Current within Safe Limits
• Manufacturing Costs
• Transportation Conditions
As a general trend, rechargeable batteries are often
used due to their cost effectiveness over their useful life
span. A typical charging profile for Li-Ion batteries is
depicted in Figure 1.
FIGURE 1: Typical Charging Profile
(Li-Ion Battery).
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Input Voltage Range
MCP73830 is a dedicated single cell charger for Li-Ion/
Li-Polymer batteries with a 6V maximum input voltage
range. In order to extend this range up to 30V, the
MCP16311/2 synchronous Buck converter was
connected in series with the battery charger. Figure 2
reveals the block diagram, which also includes the
external compensation block; the proposed application
circuit is detailed in Figure 3.
Charge Qualification for MCP73830
When power is applied, the input supply must rise
150 mV above the battery voltage, before the
MCP73830 device becomes operational. The
automatic power-down circuit sets the device in
Shutdown mode if the input supply falls within +50 mV
of the battery voltage; the automatic circuit is always
active. Whenever the input supply is within +50 mV of
the voltage at the VBAT pin, the MCP73830 is set into
Shutdown mode. For a charge cycle to begin, the
automatic power-down exit conditions must be met
(VDD ≥3.6V and VDD ≥VBAT + 150 mV) and the
charge enable input signal level must be above the
input high threshold. In addition to this, the battery
voltage should be less than 96.5% of V
REG. VREG is
factory set to a typical value of 4.2V.
Author: Andreea Macalau
Microchip Technology Inc.
MCP16311/2 and MCP73830 Single-Cell Battery Charger
TB3289
DS90003289B-page 2 2022
Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries
FIGURE 2: MCP16311/2 and MCP73830 Single-Cell Battery Charger Block Diagram.
FIGURE 3: MCP16311/2 and MCP73830 Single-Cell Battery Charger Proposed Application Schematic.
V
IN
BOOST
SW
V
FB
V
CC
GND
MCP16311/2
EN
C
IN
L
R
BOT
RTOP
VCC
VDD VBAT
V
SS
MCP73830
STAT
CE
PROG
R
2
R
SET
R2
R
1
R
3
R
4
VCC
R
5
VCC
R
6
2 x 10
μ
F
1 μF
100 nF
22
μ
H
48.7 kΩ
10 kΩ
100 kΩ
5.6 MΩ
100 nF
1 kΩ
LED
1 kΩ
4.7
μ
F
100 kΩ
100 kΩ
10 MΩ
3 MΩ
SW
MCP6001R
VBAT
2 x 10
μ
F
V
IN
1-Cell
Li-Ion
Battery
C
VCC
CBOOST
COUT
C
VCC1
C
O
2022
Microchip Technology Inc. and its subsidiaries
DS90003289B-page 3
TB3289
Preconditioning Mode for MCP73830
If the voltage at the VBAT pin is less than the
preconditioning threshold, the MCP73830 device
enters Preconditioning mode. The preconditioning
threshold is factory set to a 72% x V
REG typical value.
In this mode of operation, the MCP73830 device
supplies 10% of the fast charge current (established
with the value of the RSET resistor connected to the
PROG pin, as shown in Equation 1) to the battery.
When the voltage at the VBAT pin rises above the
preconditioning threshold, the MCP73830 device
enters Constant-Current (Fast Charge) mode.
EQUATION 1: RSET CALCULATION
The preconditioning voltage for which the charging cur-
rent is 10% of IREG can be approximated to a typical
value given by Equation 2.
EQUATION 2: PRECONDITIONING
VOLTAGE
Output Voltage Settings
The recommended VDD supply for the MCP73830
device ranges from VREG (typical) + 0.3V to 6V, while
the start-up value is 3.75V. Therefore, the output volt-
age of MCP16311/2 is set by the external resistive
divider, according to Equation 3.
EQUATION 3: RESISTOR DIVIDER
CALCULATION
External Compensation Circuit
The battery charging control output is the drain terminal
of an internal P-channel MOSFET. The MCP73830
device provides constant current and voltage
regulation to the battery pack by controlling the
MOSFET in its linear region. When the battery voltage
reaches VPTH and the device exits the preconditioning
stage, the charging current goes up to 1A. If the input
voltage of the battery charger is constant, then the
voltage drop on the internal P-channel MOSFET can
be high when VBAT is low. For example, in the
application circuit depicted by Figure 3, VOUT is set to
4.7V. Besides this, to calculate the power dissipation,
Equation 4 can be used.
EQUATION 4: DISSIPATED POWER ON
THE P-CHANNEL MOSFET
For this particular application, if the battery voltage is
around 3.7V, a dissipated power of 1W will result, which
cannot be acceptable for certain designs, thus
requiring the reduction of the fast charging current.
Therefore, an external compensation circuit has been
implemented for this design, in order to maintain a
constant voltage drop on the internal P-channel
MOSFET and to reduce the dissipated power. An
operational amplifier (which is supplied from VCC) will
inject an error voltage into the FB pin to adjust the
output voltage of the MCP16311/2, taking into
consideration the battery voltage.
On the negative input of the operational amplifier, the
battery voltage is applied through a resistive divider
(see Equation 5), while on the positive input, a
reference level resulted from VCC is set (see
Equation 6).
EQUATION 5: VOLTAGE LEVEL ON THE
NEGATIVE INPUT OF THE
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
EQUATION 6: VOLTAGE LEVEL ON THE
POSITIVE INPUT OF THE
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
RSE T 1000
IREG
------------=
Where:
IREG = Fast charge current regulation
For this application:
IREG = 1A
RSET = 1 kΩ
VPTH 72% VREG
3V
=
RTOP RBOT
VOUT
VFB
------------- 1–
 
 
=
Where:
RBOT = Bottom resistor
RTOP = Top resistor connected between V DD and
R
BOT
VFB = Feedback voltage
For this application:
VOUT = 4.7V
VFB = 0.8V
RTOP = 48.7 kΩ
RBOT = 10 kΩ
Pdissipated VDDMAX VBAT
– IREG
=
Where:
VDDMAX = Maximum input voltage
VBAT = Battery voltage
IREG = Selected fast charging current
V- R2
R1R2
+
------------------- VBAT
=
V+
R4
R3R4
+
------------------- VCC
=

Product specificaties

Merk: Microchip
Categorie: Niet gecategoriseerd
Model: MCP73830

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