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 2010-2017 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001204C-page 1

AN1204

INTRODUCTION

The demand is growing for most applications to move to

wireless communication. The benefits are reduced

costs and easy implementation. Wireless communica-

tion does not require cabling and other hardware, and

the associated installation costs. It can also be imple-

mented in locations where installing cable is difficult.

Since the IEEE released the Wireless Personal Area

Network (WPAN) specification (IEEE 802.15.4™) in

2003 and onwards, it has become the real industry

standard for low-rate WPANs (LR-WPAN). The

specification applies to low-data rate applications with

low-power and low-cost requirements.

The Microchip MiWi™ P2P Wireless Protocol is

supported in MiWi Development Environment (DE). It is

a variation of IEEE 802.15.4, using Microchip’s IEEE

802.15.4 compliant and other proprietary RF

transceivers which are controlled by Microchip 8-, 16-, or

32-bit microcontroller with a Serial Peripheral Interface

(SPI). The Microchip MiWi P2P protocol stacks are now

expanded beyond the IEEE 802.15.4 specification to

support Microchip proprietary transceivers while using

IEEE 802.15.4 Media Access Control (MAC) layer

design as the reference. The MiWi P2P Wireless

Protocol Stack supports both P2P and Star topologies.

The MiWi P2P protocol provides reliable direct wireless

communication through a user friendly programming

interface. It has a rich feature set that can be compiled

in and out of the stack to meet a wide range of customer

needs while minimizing the stack footprint.

This application note describes all about MiWi P2P

Protocol and also its differences from IEEE 802.15.4.

The document details the supported features,

implementations and usage for wireless application

developers.

It is recommended for the readers to go through the

IEEE 802.15.4 specification and Microchip MiMAC/

MiApp interfaces before reading this application note or

working with the MiWi P2P and Star wireless protocols.

For more information on MiMAC and MiApp, refer to the

Application Notes “AN1283 Microchip Wireless MiWi™

Media Access Controller – MiMAC” (DS00001283) and

“ AN1284 Microchip Wireless MiWi™ Application

Programming Interface – MiApp” (DS00001284).

Protocol Overview

The MiWi P2P protocol stack modifies the

IEEE 802.15.4 specification MAC layer by adding com-

mands that simplify the handshaking process. It simpli-

fies link disconnection and channel hopping by

providing supplementary MAC commands. However,

application-specific decisions, such as when to perform

an energy scan or when to jump channels, are not

defined in the protocol. These issues are left to the

application developer.

Protocol Features

The MiWi P2P Wireless Protocol has the following

features:

• Supports Microchip PIC16, PIC18, PIC24,

dsPIC33 and PIC32 platforms through Microchip

XC8, XC16 and XC32 compilers, respectively

• Supports MRF24J40 (IEEE 802.15.4 compliant

radio transceiver) and MRF89XA (proprietary

radio transceiver) through Microchip Application

Libraries

• Functions as a state machine

(not RTOS-dependent)

• Supports a sleeping device at the end as a

communication node

• Enables Energy Detect (ED) scanning to operate

on the least-noisy channel

• Provides active scan for detecting new and

existing connections

• Supports frequency agility (channel hopping)

Protocol Considerations

The MiWi P2P protocol is a variation of IEEE 802.15.4

and supports both peer-to-peer (P2P) and star

topologies. It has no routing mechanism, hence the

wireless communication coverage is defined by the

radio range. The Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS) and

Beacon networks by option are not supported, hence

both the sides of the communication cannot

simultaneously go to Sleep mode. If the application

requires wireless networking and routing instead of P2P

and Star type communication, MiWi Mesh is a suitable

communication platform for proprietary standards. For

details on MiWi Mesh, refer to the Application Note

“Microchip MiWi™ Mesh Wireless Networking Protocol”

from the Microchip website. However, for

interoperability type of requirements with wireless

devices or nodes of other vendors, ZigBee

® protocol

based on IEEE802.15.4 is a good option.

Authors: Yifeng Yang

Pradeep Shamanna

Derrick Lattibeaudiere

Vivek Anchalia

Microchip Technology Inc.

Microchip MiWi™ P2P Wireless Protocol

AN1204

DS00001204C-page 2  2010-2017 Microchip Technology Inc.

IEEE 802.15.4™ SPECIFICATION AND

MiWi™ P2P WIRELESS PROTOCOL

Most of the products in the market use the original

IEEE 802.15.4a specification, also known as

IEEE 802.15.4-2003 or Revision A. In 2006, a revised

edition was published to clarify a few issues. Referred

to as IEEE 802.15.4b or 802.15.4-2006, the revision

added two PHY layer definitions in the sub-GHz spec-

trum and modified the security module.

In this document, references to IEEE 802.15.4 means

Revision A of the specification. The MiWi P2P protocol

takes IEEE 802.15.4 specification as the design

reference and expands the support from

IEEE 802.15.4 compliant transceiver to Microchip

proprietary transceivers.

Device Types

The MiWi P2P protocol categorizes devices based on

their IEEE definitions and their role in making the

communication connections as shown in Table 1 and

Table 2. The MiWi P2P protocol supports all of these

device types.

TABLE 1: IEEE 802.15.4™ DEVICE TYPES

BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY

TABLE 2: IEEE 802.15.4™ DEVICE TYPES

BASED ON ROLE

Supported Topologies

The IEEE 802.15.4 and the MiWi P2P protocol support

two topologies: star and peer-to-peer.

STAR TOPOLOGY

A typical star topology is shown in Figure 1. From a

device role perspective, the topology has one Personal

Area Network (PAN) Coordinator that initiates

communications and accepts connections from other

devices. It has several end devices that join the

communication. The end devices can establish

connections only with the PAN Coordinator.

As to functionality type, the PAN Coordinator of the star

topology is a Full Function Device (FFD). The end

device can be an FFD with its radios ON all the time, or

a Reduced Function Device (RFD) with its radio OFF

when it is Idle. Regardless of its functional type, the end

devices can only communicate to the PAN Coordinator.

FIGURE 1: STAR TOPOLOGY

Functional

Type

Power

Source

Node Idle

Mode

Configuration

Data

Reception

Method

Full

Function

Device

(FFD)

Wall

Power/

Mains

On Direct

Reduced

Function

Device

(RFD)

Battery Off Poll from the

associated

device

Role Type Functional

Type Role Description

Personal

Area

Network

(PAN)

Coordinator

FFD The device starts first and

waits for a connection.

End Device FFD or

RFD

The device starts after

the PAN Coordinator has

started to establish a

connection.

PAN Coordinator

FFD End Device

RFD End Device

Legend

 2010-2017 Microchip Technology Inc. DS00001204C-page 3

AN1204

PEER-TO-PEER (P2P) TOPOLOGY

A typical P2P topology is shown in Figure 2. From a

device role perspective, this topology also has one

PAN Coordinator that starts communication from the

end devices. When joining the network, however, end

devices do not have to establish their connection with

the PAN Coordinator.

As to functional types, the PAN Coordinator is an FFD

and the end devices can be FFDs or RFDs. In this

topology, however, end devices that are FFDs can

have multiple connections. Each of the end device

RFDs, however, can connect to only one FFD and

cannot connect to another RFD.

FIGURE 2: PEER-TO-PEER TOPOLOGY

Network Types

The IEEE 802.15.4 specification has two types of

networks: Beacon and Non-Beacon.

In a Beacon network, devices can transmit data only

during their assigned time slot. The PAN Coordinator

assigns the time slots periodically by sending a

superframe (Beacon frame). All devices are supposed

to synchronize with the Beacon frame and transmit

data only during their assigned time slot. Beacon

networks reduce the power consumption of all devices

because every device periodically turns off its radio.

In a Non-Beacon network, any device can transmit data

at any time when the energy level (noise) is below the

predefined level. Non-Beacon networks increase the

power consumption by FFD devices as radios are

turned on all the time. These networks reduce the

power consumption of RFD devices as the RFDs do

not have to perform the frequent synchronizations.

The MiWi P2P protocol supports only Non-Beacon

networks.

Network Addressing

The IEEE 802.15.4 specification defines two kinds of

addressing mechanisms:

• Extended Organizationally Unique Identifier (EUI)

or long address – an 8-byte address that is unique

for each device, worldwide. The upper three bytes

are purchased from IEEE by the company that

releases the product. The lower five bytes are

assigned by the device manufacturer as long as

the EUI of each device is unique. The 8-byte

unique address is usually called the MAC address

of the wireless device/node and is predominantly

associated with the node hardware.

• Short Address – a 2-byte address that is assigned

to the device by its parent when it joins the net-

work. The short address must be unique within

the network.

The MiWi P2P protocol supports only one-hop

communication, hence it transmits messages through

EUI or long address. Short addressing is used only

when the stack transmits a broadcast message as

there is no predefined broadcast long address defined

in the IEEE 802.15.4 specification.

For Microchip proprietary transceivers, the unique

address length can be between 2 to 8 bytes, depending

on the application needs.

Legend

PAN Coordinator

FFD End Device

RFD End Device

Product specificaties

Merk:	Microchip
Categorie:	Niet gecategoriseerd
Model:	PIC18F14K50

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