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TB3194

PIC16/PIC18 ADC² Technical Brief

Introduction

Author: Christopher Best, Microchip Technology Inc.

An Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) converts an analog input signal into a digital number representing

the magnitude of the input voltage. Microchip’s 12-bit ADC with Computation (ADC 2) outputs a 12-bit

binary representation of the original signal and adds special hardware features to provide post-processing

functions that can be performed on the conversion result.

This technical brief provides an overview of the basic ADC features and functions, and describes the

additional computation features that are not found in other ADC modules. This document will not cover

the Capacitive Voltage Divider (CVD) feature, which is covered in TB3198, but may refer to CVD in

general terms. This technical brief will cover the ADC2 module found in Microchip’s PIC16 and PIC18 8-

bit architecture.

Table of Contents

Introduction......................................................................................................................1

1. ADC Module Overview.............................................................................................. 3

1.1. ADC Block.................................................................................................................................... 3

1.1.1. ADC Inputs.................................................................................................................... 3

1.1.2. ADC Voltage Reference.................................................................................................5

1.1.3. ADC Charge Pump........................................................................................................ 6

1.1.4. ADC Conversion Clock..................................................................................................6

1.1.5. Continuous Sampling Mode...........................................................................................7

1.1.6. Double Sample Conversion Mode................................................................................. 8

1.1.7. Auto-Conversion Trigger................................................................................................8

1.1.8. Conversion Result Formatting....................................................................................... 8

1.1.9. ADC Conversion Interrupt..............................................................................................9

1.1.10. Sleep Mode....................................................................................................................9

1.2. Computation............................................................................................................................... 10

1.2.1. Basic Mode..................................................................................................................10

1.2.2. Accumulate Mode........................................................................................................10

1.2.3. Average Mode..............................................................................................................11

1.2.4. Burst Average Mode.................................................................................................... 11

1.2.5. Low-Pass Filter Mode..................................................................................................12

1.3. Threshold Comparison............................................................................................................... 17

2. Conclusion...............................................................................................................20

3. Appendix A: Basic Analog Terminology...................................................................21

The Microchip Web Site................................................................................................ 24

Customer Change Notification Service..........................................................................24

Customer Support......................................................................................................... 24

Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature................................................................. 24

Legal Notice...................................................................................................................25

Trademarks................................................................................................................... 25

Quality Management System Certified by DNV.............................................................26

Worldwide Sales and Service........................................................................................27

TB3194

1. ADC Module Overview

The ADC2 module consists of two main blocks: the acquisition/conversion block (ADC) and the

computation block. The ADC block reads an analog signal and converts it into a digital number, while the

computation block takes the converted digital number and applies post-processing functions.

The ADC block provides the following features:

• 13-bit Acquisition Timer

• Automatic Repeat and Sequencing:

– Two result registers

– Auto-conversion trigger

– Automated double sample conversion for CVD

• Hardware Capacitive Voltage Divider (CVD) Support:

– 13-bit Precharge Timer

– Adjustable sampling capacitor array

– Guard ring digital output drive

The Computation block provides the following features:

• Averaging and Low-Pass Filter Functions

• Reference Comparison

• 2-level Threshold Comparison

• Selectable Interrupts

1.1 ADC Block

The ADC block contains all the circuitry needed to convert an analog input signal into a digital

representation of that signal. Analog input channels are multiplexed into the converter’s single sampling

circuit. The converter’s sampling circuit generates a 12-bit binary result via successive approximation and

stores the conversion result into the ADC result registers.

1.1.1 ADC Inputs

The ADC can be used to convert both analog and digital signals. The signals may come from external

sources via a port pin, or from internal sources. The ADC Positive Channel Selection (ADPCH) register

controls the input multiplexer and determines which analog input channel is connected to the sampling

circuit.

There may be several external input channels depending on the pin count of the selected device, but only

one channel, either internal or external, can be selected and converted at a time. To determine the

number and location of ADC channels in any PIC® device, refer to the specific device data sheet. Many

data sheets list the location of each channel in the ‘Pin Diagrams’ charts. Each external channel is

labeled ‘ANxy’, where ‘x’ refers to the I/O port, and ‘y’ refers to the pin within the port. For example, an

external input signal, ANA1, points to the analog channel of PORTA, pin one.

Older data sheets, or data sheets for low pin count devices may label each external channel simply as

‘ANx’, where ‘x’ is the input channel number and may or may not refer to the actual port pin. For example,

a 16-lead device may use the label AN1, but AN1 may point to PORTA’s pin number two.

When converting an analog input signal, the I/O pin must be configured as an input by setting the port

pin’s TRIS bit corresponding to the selected input channel. Additionally, the pin must be configured as an

TB3194

ADC Module Overview

Product specificaties

Merk:	Microchip
Categorie:	Niet gecategoriseerd
Model:	PIC18F26K83

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