Microchip PIC16F17146 Handleiding


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© 2023 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
Application Note DS00004873A-page 1
AN4873
Measurement of Total Dissolved Solids in Water Using the
Integrated Operational Amplifier of PIC® Microcontrollers
Introduction
Author: Irene Abraham, Microchip Technology Inc.
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in water are described as the presence of inorganic salts and small amounts of organic
matter in water. TDS can be measured by determining the conductivity of water using a conductivity probe that can
detect the presence of ions in water. It is one of the most important factors that determines water quality. Ensuring
acceptable values of TDS in water is important for human health, food and food processing, fish farming and other
water-related industries. TDS measurement in water has applications in the medical, industrial, and residential fields.
This application note provides an overview of the concept and methods used for TDS measurement in water.
It also provides a working code example that demonstrates the measurement of conductivity and TDS in water
using a relaxation oscillator circuit designed with the Integrated Operational Amplifier (OPA) of the PIC16F17146
microcontroller.
The PIC16F17146 microcontroller family is equipped with advanced analog peripherals such as an OPA, 12-bit
differential Analog-to-Digital converter with computation (ADCC), 8-bit buffered Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC),
internal fixed voltage reference (FVR) along with core independent peripherals such as Capture Compare and PWM
(CCP), 16-bit and 8-bit Timers. This application note describes the usage of integrated OPA, ADCC and CCP
peripherals of the PIC16F17146 microcontroller family to measure TDS in water. The code example is available on
GitHub at the link below:
AN4873
© 2023 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
Application Note DS00004873A-page 2
Table of Contents
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1
1. Relevant Devices.................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1. PIC16F17146 Microcontroller Family...........................................................................................3
2. Overview of TDS in Water and Measurement Methodologies................................................................ 4
2.1. Theoretical Concept..................................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Application Measurement Methods ............................................................................................. 4
3. TDS Measurement Using a PIC16F17146 Microcontroller..................................................................... 7
3.1. Implementation.............................................................................................................................7
3.2. Features and Peripherals of a PIC16F17146 Microcontroller used in the Application................. 7
4. Firmware Overview................................................................................................................................. 9
4.1. Application Flowchart................................................................................................................... 9
4.2. Firmware Operation....................................................................................................................10
5. Application Demo.................................................................................................................................. 11
6. PIC16F17146 Microcontroller Memory Utilization ................................................................................12
7. Extended Application: Home Reverse Osmosis (RO) System..............................................................13
8. Conclusion............................................................................................................................................ 15
9. References............................................................................................................................................16
10. Revision History.................................................................................................................................... 17
Microchip Information................................................................................................................................... 18
The Microchip Website..........................................................................................................................18
Product Change Notification Service.................................................................................................... 18
Customer Support.................................................................................................................................18
Microchip Devices Code Protection Feature.........................................................................................18
Legal Notice.......................................................................................................................................... 18
Trademarks........................................................................................................................................... 19
Quality Management System................................................................................................................20
Worldwide Sales and Service................................................................................................................21
AN4873
Relevant Devices
© 2023 Microchip Technology Inc.
and its subsidiaries
Application Note DS00004873A-page 3
1. Relevant Devices
1.1 PIC16F17146 Microcontroller Family
The PIC16F17146 microcontroller family contains an enhanced mid-range 8-bit CPU core that reaches speeds up
to 32 MHz. This microcontroller family supports up to 28 KB of Flash, up to 2 KB of SRAM and up to 256 Bytes of
EEPROM and is available in 8-, 14-, 20-, 28-, 40- or 44-pin packages. The PIC16F17146 microcontroller family has
a suite of analog peripherals that enables precision sensor applications. This small form factor, feature-rich device is
well suited for low-cost, energy-efficient analog sensor applications with higher resolution requirements.
Figure 1-1. Overview of the PIC16F17146 Microcontroller Family
8-PIN 14-PIN 20-PIN 28-PIN 40-PIN
FLASH,
RAM
28-KB,
2-KB
14-KB,
1-KB
7-KB,
512-B PIC16F17114
PIC16F17115
PIC16F17124
PIC16F17126
PIC16F17144 PIC16F17154
PIC16F17125 PIC16F17145 PIC16F17155
PIC16F17146 PIC16F17156
PIC16F17174
PIC16F17175
PIC16F17176
Figure 1-1 shows an overview of the PIC16F17146 microcontroller family that is available in 8-pin to 40-pin (VQFN)
packages with a memory range of 7 KB to 28 KB. The parts with different Flash memory typically also have different
RAM and EEPROM.
• Vertical migration is possible without code modification, as these devices are fully pin and feature compatible
• Horizontal migration to the left reduces the pin count and limits the available features in certain use cases
Notes: 
1. Devices with more than 14 pins are relevant for this application note as these devices have external pins
available for the OPA.
2. The is also relevant for this application note as the devices in this family arePIC18-Q41 Product Family
equipped with OPA, ADCC and CCP peripherals. One exception is the ADCC peripheral available in the
PIC18-Q41 microcontroller family, which supports only 12-bit single-ended conversions.


Product specificaties

Merk: Microchip
Categorie: Niet gecategoriseerd
Model: PIC16F17146

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